They are on the move already!!

 As I write this, July has not come to an end, but we are seeing lots of evidence of birds starting their southward migration. This is often preceded by a bit of general wandering --believed to be a means of searching for suitable nesting areas when they return next year.

Yesterday we were very pleasantly surprised to catch a very young juvenile Redstart:-

You can tell it's a REdstart by the superbly russet coloured tail--but the body has not yet developed any of the typical Redstart colours. This is because it is a recently fledged bird showing the speckled appearance just like the baby Robins I have shown you in previous notes. So, where did this bird originate--answer we don't know. Feasibly one could argue that it's probably from nearby breeding site--Cannock Chase or East Wales--but in truth we don't know. What is certain is that it's migration behaviour has started and it will be on it's way to sub Saharan Africa any day now.

We don't have Lesser Whitethroats breeding at Belvide, although they are in the lanes around the reserve. These are one of my favourite warblers and this picture shows off its pristine post fledging plumage....

When these birds leave the nest they have a rather poor quality plumage on the breast in particular. Shortly after fledging they replace these with the pure, dense, white plumage you see here. Fantastic little birds--and quite unusual in that rather than take a south/south west route to Africa; Lesser Whites, fly south east and cross the Med Sea towards Egypt.

Each month team member Sam trawls through the BTO records looking for records of birds that we have encountered. This month there was one in particular which was worthy of special mention--a bird  Reed Warblers originally ringed at Belvide....

Ring number Z203549 was ringed on 31st July 2015, and we recaught it on 2nd July this year--2527 days after originally being ringed. So this bird was at least 7 years old, meaning that it had successfully completed 7 migrations to and from Africa!! Just looking at the actual migration flights alone this would entail somewhere around 150,000 miles--assuming it flew in a straight line ( which they don't!!). When you add on the daily feeding , breeding, other flights this bird will have racked up an incredible mileage--even without an annual MOT test.......

Speaking of birds replacing their initial set of feathers after leaving the nest, Pat out at Siskin City, has been catching quite a few juvenile Siskins looking like this one....

You can quite clearly see the yellow chest feathers coming through to replace the fledgling white feathers, which will give these birds their characteristic bright yellow underside when they've completely grown through.

As I've said, migration is well under way, and we have ringed over 1,000 birds in July! Assuming things go according to plan, this should be at least repeated in August--more news soon.

Quality and Quantity

 This is the beginning of such an exciting time of year--and it comes round every year!! Breeding is coming to an end and migration is just getting started so anything can turn up amongst the big numbers of juvenile birds which are leaving the safety of their nests.

A couple of days ago Paul hit the jackpot with this little beauty......

This is a Lesser Spotted Woodpecker--just note how small it is--not much bigger than a sparrow! Next time anyone suggests they have seen a Lesser Spot, just ask them how big the bird was--most often they have seen a Great Spot. This is a juvenile bird as can be seen by the merest hint of pink on the forehead. Adult males have a red cap and females no red. Only a handful of these birds are ringed each year; not only are they quite rare, they tend to inhabit the tops of high trees. Fortunately this one found one of our nets--what a diamond bird!!

Now something less rare but quite interesting I hope....

These are both the same species!! They are both juvenile Willow Warblers. However, the bird on the left has gone through a post fledging moult and as a result the chest and belly are covered in these lemon yellow feathers. The other bird is a bit younger and is only just starting this moult. You can see some of the yellow feathers coming through to replace the rather drab grey fledging feathers. These are one of the first species to start migration so we are pretty sure when these appear--as tey did this week, tat things are on the move!!

How smart is this adult Moorhen!? Larger birds like this don't often stay in our nets--they flap and roll out very easily. However, we have a variety of walk-in traps which are much more effective, especially when they are baited with food the birds find irresistible.

I will try to keep up, but we are very busy trying to keep up with a large number of birds passing through, but I promise I'll try.......who knows what will turn up next?

Babies everywhere!!

 The start of July heralds the start of the main season at Belvide and other sites we operate at, such as Witches Oak near East Midlands Airport. Although some birds may still be breeding with second or thirds broods, the majority of breeding is finishing and migration is about to start.

The birders at Belvide reported seeing lots of family parties in the netting area so we were optimistic as we started our season. As it turns out we have had three very good sessions already and ringed over 200 new bird--over 90% of which have been juveniles pointing to an excellent breeding season. Ben has had two sessions at Witches and he also has had lots of juveniles in his 100+ total. More of this in the near future.

For now, I'll carry on the theme of the last blog and show some pictures which I hope are of interest by illustrating some of the things we get to see and use as clues to identity.

First a very familiar bird, the Barn Swallow. Two things about this bird....first it is an adult ( more than 1 year old) as seen by the deep red on the throat and forehead ( creamy buff in juveniles)--and the extra long tail streamers show this to be a male. The streamers are much shorter in females and hardly any length in juveniles.

Next another very familiar bird--a robin. This is a juvenile as you can see from the brown speckled throat and head, as we have mentioned in previous notes. However, this bird is now moulting out these juvenile feathers and replacing them with the much more familiar red breast feathers. As soon as these grow fully through the bird will be 'encouraged' by it's parents to move out and set up it's own territory.

Here is a Goldfinch which many of you will have on feeders at home. This is a male as shown by two features......most obvious is the fact that the red patch extends beyond the eye both above and below the eye. Second and a bit less obvious is the very thin hair like feathers at the point where the beak joins the skull. These so-called nasal hairs are black in a male and cream in a female.

Now on to a couple of problems that birds have.....

This Goldfinch clearly has some kind of bacterial, fungal or viral infection in the skin of it's feet--resulting in these enlarged growths. What is less familiar to us is the extra long growth of the claws as a result of the infection. Kevin reports the bird to be otherwise in good health. It's prudent after handling such individuals to thoroughly clean hands to avoid passing on the infection.

This young warbler shows very obvious growth or fault bars in it's tail. Lots of birds show these and they are as a result of changes in diet at particular points--poor food quality, shortage of food during adverse weather are two classic examples. In this particular case it enables us to tell that this is a juvenile ( newly fledged) bird--but how? You can clearly see that the lines are parallel which shows that the problems occurred while all the tail feathers were f growing at the same time--ie as the feathers do during time in the nest. If this occurs during tail moult in adult birds there would be a step between each pair of feathers, because usually the outer feather on each side moults first followed by the next inner then the next and so on.

More soon........